- #In a transaction processing system if the tps database manual
- #In a transaction processing system if the tps database software
This ensures the transaction isn’t recorded twice & the transfer only once. If the first step (withdrawal) succeeds, then the second step (transfer) must succeed otherwise, the entire transaction is abandoned. 4 Example: a banking transaction may involve 2 steps: withdrawing money from a cheque account & transferring it into a savings account. 3 Example: if an airline ticket agent starts to reserve the last seat on a flight, then another agent cannot tell another passenger that a seat is available. Infrequent errors may occur in real time. Real time has fewer errors as transaction data is validated and entered immediately. Data is not available all the time for batch. Real-time requires the master file to be available more often for updating and reference. > Real time and batch processing Differences: - Each transaction in real time processing is unique. Used in conjunction with a particular operating system. Provides data security, ensures transactions do not get lost or corrupted. Provides a standard interface between input devices (such as terminals), the transaction processing application programs, and the DBMS.
#In a transaction processing system if the tps database software
> Transaction processing monitor TP monitor = is software that allows the transaction processing application programs to run efficiently. Below is a diagrammatic representation of real time processing: If any step fails, no other step should be completed.4 Main disadvantages: - Expense - More hardware and software to install. One user cannot change a piece of data before another user has finished with it.3 Æ Atomicity – ensures that all of the steps involved in a transaction is completed successfully as a group. Two main concerns: Æ Concurrency – ensures that two users cannot change the same data at the same time. Two common examples: airline reservation systems and banking systems. It involves a large number of users who are simultaneously performing transactions to change data. It involves using a terminal or workstation to enter data and display the results of the TPS. It involves immediate processing and updating of an online database. Transaction but does not require access to an online database. Real Time Processing = the immediate processing of data. Can be run as a fully automated process, without the need for a human operator. The Advantages: - Can be run as a regularly scheduled event or when enough data has been collected. Midrange computers are typically used for accounting, database management and specific industry applications. A terminal is an input/output device (usually a keyboard or screen). 1Ģ A midrange is a central computer that performs the processing for a number of users working at terminals. Mainframe applications include payroll computations, accounting and airline seat reservations. It is more powerful than a midrange computer and often has thousands of terminals connected to it. Below is a diagrammatic representation of batch processing:Ī mainframe computer is a central computer for a large number of users. Errors cannot be corrected during processing - Sorting the transaction data is expensive and time consuming. The processing schedule is predetermined. There are 3 disadvantages: - All processing must wait until a set time. Batch programs are often run at night when there is less demand for the information system. It involves a large batch of an identical data type, such as payroll or stock information. It is carried out by large organisation’s using a mainframe1 or mid-range2 computer. Batch Processing = collects data as a group, batch and processes it later all at once.
There are 2 types of transaction processing: Batch (time delay) and Real-time (immediate). A TPS minimises the organisation’s costs by reducing the data that must be handled. Æ Controlled processing = the processing in a TPS must support an organisation’s operations. If TPS were flexible there would be too many opportunities for non-standard operations (less consistency). Æ Reliability = Failure rate must be very low Æ Inflexibility = a TPS wants every transaction to be processed in the same way regardless of user. The 4 characteristics of TPS include: Æ Rapid Response = Fast performance with a rapid response time is critical. TPS collect, store, modify and retrieve the transactions of an organisation. Large amounts of data, for example, sales outlets or retail stores.Ĭharacteristics of transaction processing systems Transaction processing systems (TPS) = used for the processing of everyday transactions that produce
#In a transaction processing system if the tps database manual
Transaction = an event that determines either a manual or computer-based activity. Transaction Processing Systems Introduction
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